Ambilight line Yushu

 Kham Dolma
the U.S. people? Yushu Kham Dolma on the Prairie;
Yushu Kamba beautiful? Have heaven and earth courtesan Jade Pool.
08 running through the summer by car travel thousands of miles east and west China in the Yushu area called Kham feeling of many of the stunning beauty, one of the leading travel photography.
Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in southwestern Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Tibet and Sichuan provinces at the intersection of as an important distribution center for commercial trade three provinces, where once wrote a famous Tangfangudao important chapter in the territory of the magnificent mountains and rivers, vast grasslands, pasture plump, and the people wild, the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers are originated three is China's largest distribution area of natural wetlands, known as , but also the highest proportion of ethnic minority autonomous prefecture population.
Yushu animal husbandry, agriculture, forests, minerals, water, wildlife, solar energy and other natural resources are very rich, Kham Tibetan culture is in the majestic mountains, Pentium river, the vast grassland, the vast dome and the wave of the sleeves in the implication, accumulation, rising bright, this heavy historical, religious, cultural and natural resources of folk photography, travel provides a valuable material and creative passion, br> There Yushu Yushu, said more Nangqian, miscellaneous and more government and more Qumalai six counties, the reasons for the trip because of the time did not set foot in addition to more complex, the other five counties were able to linger one by one, to make Tour appearance, this has a around the end part of town most of the famous attractions of history, religion, human nature, because of geographical convenience of transportation, Results are Yushu area around the ancient core area.
the photographic camera for the NIKON D200, shot three : AF-S NIKON 14-24MM 1:2.8 G, AF-S NIKON 17-55MM 1:2.8 G, AF-S VR-NIKON 70-200MM 1:2.8 G.
Kano by the fortress of
Kano Kano by the fortress of the Second

Kano by the fortress of the third heap by the famous fortress of Mani, Buddha his later years when the first World Kano town settled in the end a new East Village, and Mani heap in this building, so also known as has 00 points, while the blinding glare of the sun at noon, not to achieve multi-level images and rich contrast. from the junction town to Kano by the fortress only two kilometers, so the Photographer completely go visit other places, In the months to come this time to capture the image.
composition vary faithful have taken preference, I feel that characters can be used to highlight the features and make the picture a dynamic trend, people's eyes, facial expressions skin, indicating that the identity of body decoration and mining activities, etc. can all be key parts of.
As the camera aperture, exposure time and focus of these data, my personal experience, this is a cumulative, master degree course, the use of Photographer a digital camera there is no film and printing costs, so beginners can compare different aperture and focal length, exposure time and more shooting in the same location a few, in the latter part of the selection of computer software can be compared, to do more to draw their own comparative experience.
not shoot fast moving objects such as birds, water and sports screen, I chose to set to aperture priority, Kano by the fortress were 14m24mm three wide-angle photography is both ends of the mirror focal length of 24 and 14 , the extreme wide-angle lens with a focal length made a close-up picture of one scene with people, high-light focus performance in the main object of focus, and other parts of the virtual technology.
many good works from the same objects were selected from multiple comparison , is the best way to practice.
Tangfangudao of heaven and earth
Leba ditch known as the then a small stone in the clear stream and lush grass everywhere, it is blowing all kinds of colored rock engravings, while 1,300 years ago, Princess and the Jincheng Gong Tai Tang Wencheng in Tibet when the Lord left the precious rock exquisite rock paintings to Leba ditch trail in China, one of the three glorious history Tangfangudao period left a heavy sum, the main rock art of nomadic life, relaxation and orderly, full of flavor, their blood and in harmony with nature and intimate nature of the fusion penetration.
in Leba trench and other various grasslands, Kham Tibetan tents everywhere over Lingka , philosophy of life and different people in a busy city.
from near and far, the eye is light green grass dripping hegemonic wantonly throughout the horizon extends, the trickling brook winding slide into the distance , mushroom-type flower umbrella girl under the tents and people whispering, color streamer array moves pretty lofty high-spirited to drift in between the mountains, there is a sturdy jaw yak down and kissed leaves, so that the composition So what? replaced it wants to seize the 70-200 lens, aperture value long-term use of F / 8 is more appropriate than a small aperture.
Tongtianhe
Yangtze River Bridge, the main peak of the pulse rises in Tanggula bin Laden southeast, is the source and when the song in the Tuotuohe Tuotuohe bridge 60 km downstream of most Palestinian bursa confluence area Long known as the Yibin, Sichuan and Yunnan to the river, known as the Jinsha River.
magnificent Tongtianhe from nearly a thousand kilometers northwest to southeast across the Pentium in the vast abundance of fertile Yushu prairie, grassland moisture Yushu living things. pass Since ancient times, cutting the risk of Tianhe River Bridge into the smooth, This image, taken from the junction town 20 kilometers away from the monument at the Three Rivers Nature Reserve, the Old Bridge bridge.
not far from the bridge for another photographic point drying by Taiwan to under the road base in 214 countries, are said to learn Hui Chao Tang Seng mentoring transition from the Western Region where the sun through.
Yushu Zen Buddhist temple in the temple town would
Air Southwest State Road 214, the village where the ancient hillside Zen . ; Princess Wen Cheng Temple good point distance photography. feel like such a building body mass and the location of the temple to set off even more inclusive vision of the momentum and the overall environmental outlook, photographic images can be expressed by a greater degree of meaning extension.
Temple of Princess Wen Cheng
Princess Wen Cheng Temple faces south, backed by steep cliffs towering, vigorous and forceful for the Batang mountains, into the door, three volumes were not a party to the main temple courtyard around, making the pilgrimage who could not help looking up, design can be described as subtle sophistication. available for Photography Experience: From Leba ditch out suddenly in front, overlooking the giant colorful prayer flags banners covered the entire hill, battle style gorgeous! temple courtyard as a deliberate prolate Princess narrow design, the main temple in the courtyard shooting Large angles the direction of photography, picture, or go out in order to know the geographical scene more appropriate choice.
giant bronze statue of King Gesar, the state capital of Yushu
junction town square shape stands tall bronze statue of King Gesar. < br> found so far in the world, the longest epic in the singing of the Magic, the strong and the weak, for the benefit of the people, has a special character, extraordinary talent and a strong god, in the Tibetan and Mongolian have a very high impact and status of reverence and worship by the people.
This photo is next to the County This bronze statue of the temple to mark the occasion of the monks and nuns, was invited to photograph them, feel with the mind under these Dahongpao satisfaction and joy.
photography experience: Results town square is the Yushu Tibetan areas, many monks flow where is a good place for photographing people. shoot, I use a Nikon camera features most colorful, set the picture format selected JPG + RAW mode, I feel that some images using RAW format for the late effects of relatively good plot.
Traffic : East and West from Qinghai, Sichuan and Tibet provinces have their own knot of four major roads to reach the town, described roads lead to Yushu. basically is a large section of State Road 214, 308 and 217 provincial highway, country road during numerous. road conditions with the exception sections of a serious pressure loss, the basic good. gas station spacing and number of basic vehicle operation can be guaranteed, and the other vehicle also depends on the volume of the tank, usually with 93 # gasoline, almost no 97 #. Experience is always check the oil form, in the middle met again to fill the petrol station, rather than waiting until it is about to run out to find ways.
Accommodation: Results town on the choice of many hotels and hostels, two good hotels for the ; and the network port.
Three Rivers Hotel is a new hosted a popular place to see the new season, Congress almost daily feast, Yao Yan guests. casually chatted a few words, a warm person might have to invite you to Kham ceremony and sit down. rooms are newer, there is a network port.
to Yushu town as the center of radiation to the East and West constituted a larger dream photography, travel, major scenic spots.
to the Northeast: is China Central Television as the , the vast lake in the highlands under the strong sunlight pouring the wines are like Yu Ye, Ling Po vast.
measures at the multi-card Ga Temple Pagoda
Great Mother River, was the United States in the Tibetan language as the The card at the northern foot of some old cases of poor bar basin southwest corner of the column, a number of tributaries together, the Yellow River Source by Star Sea, stretching 20 kilometers east, then enter the largest lake in the upper Yellow River and Eling Zaling. Yellow Source Tau copper monument stands in the two lakes on the middle of the mountain measures at Ga, on the usefulness Tibetan The first dam, the first of the Yellow River Bridge, 15 years Zhenguan Princess Wen Cheng and other viewing points Songtsan beach wedding.
Miles by car this point is the only chartered Hubei and Hunan provinces, because one road is unknown, unfamiliar lakes to climate change, no GPS fixed-point data not want to rush into cycling, and second, by asking the dirt road to the lakes are water-soaked or soaked infiltrating potholes extension, considerable damage to the vehicle, in this place before and after the scarcity of industrial civilization in order to reduce The vehicle may be decided, or chartered to trouble.
Transportation: chartered back and forth from the two lakes Maduo town costs about 500 yuan a day, and now Maduo road leading to two lakes are under construction, estimated at one to two years and then go to Hunan and Hubei From the road, said to facilitate a lot.
Accommodation: Maduo town only two or three more than one hundred meters of the main street, can be places ; in the summer season and in the corridor were open and warm the room Ting, can be dry socks, public toilet, no shower, and the Yellow River is the source of Yellow River Scenic Area, Ngau Tau Monument, tickets are 100 yuan / person, no charge for local drivers.
photography experience: lakes area over 3300 m above sea level, compared with China's largest inland lake over one thousand meters above the lake is true plateau lakes.
this area of photography for fine weather or not the requirements of the natural background was particularly notable, sudden changes in weather, cloud top pressure contiguous into the lake and the sky dark cold of space, people feel gloomy , obscure, but the plateau climate has varied spatial and temporal magic, when the sun god of all things upper ranks, the vast land of life, jumping up and live the moment, two lakes of color from dark green to light blue flashing, glittering, Levels rich and full, then press the shutter the hands of the diligent nature, his legs are the best return on the photographers.
great lakes area, select the slope and the wide-angle lens is to shoot high points, in order to avoid composition monotone, if birds or people, still life, and so do the appropriate embellishment better. Eling to Zaling a hill separated a few hundred meters away, you can select a point of walking beat. camera settings choose , making vision to better depth of field 9 to 16, not absolute, the composition can be cross-sold a large wide-angle view and the momentum of a wider and wider, vertically composition can increase the mountains, water, sky level. shoot close-up and the birds that can be used telephoto, two lakes, many birds on the lake shore, but the fear of disturbance, so the conditional Photographer more data can be used a telephoto lens.
to the northwest: a Yushu ; rule number and the Tongtian Bridge and the spectacular winding Tongtianhe, Qumalai County .
Long Bao Bao Long Beach Lakes
Beach junction town in the state capital of Yushu about eighty miles west place, two mountain standing up there, parallel to the extension of the middle piece of ten kilometers long, wide and three kilometers of the valley area , more than four kilometers above sea level, belongs to alpine meadow type of wetlands, rare birds and animals and some Tibetan Plateau is the origin of precious herbs, with a black-necked crane, bar-headed geese, brown-headed gulls, geese and gulls, red duck, merganser , frozen chickens and other birds more than ten kinds, established in 1992, Long Beach Po Nature Reserve is the largest birds in the core area of Three Rivers Nature Reserve, as the Black-necked Crane Nature Reserve by the state.
Long Bao Beach Valley
trip did not enjoy the seasonal relation to the number of birds, but Kham Tibetan Plateau in summer is never let indulgence, and diffuse goats yak slope nestled in purple, blue, pink display is in color; girl gorgeous costumes and dazzling decorations dangling circulation of the eye; Kham heroic man of the red knot Qiyuxuanang entrenched in the head; streamer array flags fluttering wind publicity unbridled dance; large white flowers in elegant swaying in the enchanting blue sea, blue sky, warm pure UV skin Zizi Qing Xiang hh
photography experience: personal experience, encounter a large area of landscape photography is best to wait for a calm lake, the occasion to make a clear sky highland lake color is more blue, green slopes of a large number of pan-green light to make water, and pure reflection, it enables forming one, increasing the visual range, the composition of the average days on the water to avoid a situation of divided into two focus on the performance of the site can be too much of the screen, the ratio to seek beauty.
the mountains I will focus on the performance of canyon photography geographical lines and block face the United States, snake winding road, winding door in the village, the geometric partitioning of the farmland, varying light and dark mountains, and so can diffuse the light transfer full screen.
Transport: The area consists of a ring connected to 308 provincial highway, by car from the direction can be clockwise to Yushu Yushu Zhidoi mm mm mm Long Bao Qumalai bar more mm mm mm Yushu, said more than a week as photography, travel routes, from the Qinghai Lake, Maduo direction over, can also be curved road fork in the Green River water starts to turn counterclockwise a Zhouzhi Yu trees, the due Maduo 17:00 from more than just starting all the way to Green River late photographer, so the core of Pioneer car into the Yushu area, linger for a few days later to complete the trip in a clockwise direction.
from Yushu to Long Bao, governance and more to the song Highway Marais 308 200 km of asphalt pavement, the road is well preserved over the altitude of 4797 to be Xiushan Pass Miha; from Qumalai river water by the green bar more to the fork in the 195 km road debris curved road, traffic is not good; from the Green River water Yushu Song Road fork to 163 km, 214 National Road, traffic is still good.
Accommodation: in the rule more or Qumalai stay, choose the photo time and more troops governance is based on a street the county for all belongings, food accommodations are in the The Nangqian County, and 200 km away from Yushu town about 200 km further south could be to County, located in the upper reaches of the Lancang River region, Zhaqu, Zi Qu, Pakistani music, hot music, guitar music from the northwest parallel to the five rivers running through the whole territory to the southeast, the county produces the per capita amount of water to 24 times China's per capita water. this trip is not planned into Tibet, so the car early in the morning, after starting from the Nangqian looking for photography to the point of walking Riwoqe direction, turn back the afternoon, half-way over the altitude of 4505 m to be the Eya La Pass, from geographical and cultural features to the class to see the black Nangqian Let the direction of steep terrain, unique scenery.
Nangqian what color M
Nangqian Zhaqu river stone pagoda
photography experience: important points are expensive photography long Zhaqu River Bridge, the cliffs carved, karaoke Cashmere Valley Temple and the Temple of Nuns Canyon all the way to rolling hills.
photography in the plateau region a major advantage of the blessings from the sun, high-resolution photos from space is a good background color, add more later without saturation, palette of bright colors of the most beautiful in the plateau.
shades pulled contrast, the performance of the screen object can be more focused, more Jushen.
Transportation: car driving all the way to the valley in the deep groove from time to time to see a huge rock hanging in the air pick head, do some sections of fence protection, even so, Rolling Stone still makes people feel the presence of danger. This section of the 214 national road surface well, not so.
Accommodation: Hotel on the main street of town some, conditions are general, costs are a hundred to ten dollars each.
to the southeast: 50 km east, exit north to the rest after the blink of an eye Wu came to the town of Yushu the junction of Sichuan: elevation of 4,700 meters Ambala Mountain Pass, 70 km of this to Shiqu, from the current administrative division of the mountain for the Pass over the Ambala is in Sichuan, but here belong to the large Kham Tibetan area south of the Bayan Har plateau pulse, customs and natural landscapes and Yushu Plateau the same strain, fusion penetration. Shiqu, the Tibetan name With a more poetic name of passion mm Sun Tribe, 4200 meters above sea level in this solar County, Bila Sa higher than 600 meters, is the highest in Sichuan Province, the largest pure pastoral counties.
Shiqu tie big river card Prairie streamer
Shiqu photography is something that many, this trip has been the large-scale color Tibetan Buddhist monastery to be Goumba Temple, stretching several kilometers of Bagh Mani wall, Kham region's most wide prairie - rolling prairie river card, the plateau ecological wetland hh
Kham Tibetan Temple is a color to be the only qualified awarded the Mani Wall is located in Yalong Bay, near the first, it stands proudly on the open prairie 300 years, is the longest Tibetan Mani Wall, the wall Mani Lama on the front lawn giving to the few with cheese reservoir dogs, natural changes in the Mani wall of life and death cycle repeated, only this world will never understand the silence of the vicissitudes of life in Long Beach.
color to be the Lama Temple and quilt
photography experience: personal experience of the pictures taken is to find man these are not common or familiar plot, the subject of natural activity in the state to capture the most natural expression of pure place. close, set goals to shoot and sometimes need to communicate about the subject, in each other to understand my intentions and take my time to give another camera shooting the probability of success will be much larger. It is also a photographer's own qualities, character and ability to communicate the decision, so the photographers to improve their own politics matter whether the repair is on increasing the level of photography is also important.
plateau brightness, high color temperature, should be based on changing camera settings for different objects, conditional use of reflectors as fill light.
rolling prairie river card is the original, pure, vast, distant, dark green Eagle flying in the sky, the rise overlooking the hillside into the film into a film was dyed blue flowers, cattle and sheep herders scattered tents and set in this great color such as rich emerald grasslands, wetlands and ponds full of blossoming cotton-like clouds, there is pure beauty and unbridled smile, carefully written interpretation of the plateau where the splendor of summer.

girl doll Kham Kham grassland scenery with a calf

Kang Second
Pakistan grassland scenery photography experience: When the photographer when the object is a child, squatting in little more than they even get on the ground will be close to their recognition and, when the photographer to the child's lower body when the view of the world, faces of the children childlike will appear in the lens.
shot when I from the non-interference in their children's expressions and behavior, it is recommended that they might reach out to embrace the little dirty hands and rub over the nose, then your picture will be the natural and true, a few sweets after the award ceremony photography.
If cattle, horses, sheep and other large herbivores as a photographic subject or embellished when the group dynamics, the position of the screen and proportion, including These animals Angtou, are required to bow or run the idea, composition is completed to be considered the focus of the muscle coat were dark, light and contrast, I use wide angle shot, high transmittance, a scene full. In addition more than walking legs, King of multiple mobile position is the basis for selection.
Transport: From the junction town to the rest still belongs to 214 National Road, Wu, Wu began to Shiqu from the rest is 217 provincial highway, the road conditions were good.
Accommodation: Stone There are several channels available hotels and hotel, hotel to shower, no network.
These are my personal journey in the number of exploration and photography experience, willing to share with you the photo to share with the faithful.
rainbow
friends last wish Ox progress! arrogant, such as rainbow!

Discussion of the nature of the Fed

 Xiao Feng Young sent me to Professor Hu Jingbei personal home page of the discussion on this issue. After reading that the original understanding of this issue there are no major deviations. We are of that , for discussion purposes only, not reproduced.
Professor Hu users on a reply:
mm on the properties of the Federal Reserve. You left the article claimed that the URL of the Federal Reserve in the U.S. state of Delaware (Delaware) State Registration of the r. Federal Reserve Board is the federal government )
this regard, you get the information from the article is wrong.

Political Economy of the Federal Reserve and its relaxation

Guan Qingyou many countries in the world central banks, U.S. Federal Reserve is undoubtedly the most influential. the U.S. economy and its monetary policy on the world economy has a significant impact, and the dollar bear the role of world currency, the Fed's every move affects all of world economy and even the political structure of the nerve. even Some people think the Fed is the world's central banks.
However, we are actually the world's most influential central bank, The Fed decided to conduct such important factors is not clear in our minds.
Today, the nature of the Fed mm is a stock company or a government agency mm, there are still great controversy. the first cause of our Federal Reserve concern is the nature of an article entitled government is not the same thing. While the Fed chairman is appointed by the president, Congress approved, but it is still a private nature of the company, its basic feature is the financial oligarchy their trade associations. Later Mr. Song Hongbing the book, edited by those who even believe that can give strong support or oppose the literature. probably because of this, the Fed itself may also be a But, realistically speaking, when we first got Tsinghua University Press recently published banking institutions? Therefore, we feel, of Miss Lu Jing is actually a personal experience to show us many details about the Federal Reserve to answer some of our long-standing confusion in the mind. of York University in Canada as of Economics professor, then left academia to join the Fed in 1998 to 2001, the Federal Reserve System in the New York Federal Reserve Bank's banking supervision department as a senior bank inspectors. three years, as the pioneer Basel Ⅱ Lu Jing, handling the basis of Citigroup after the merger review, participate in the monitoring, inspection major commercial banks and investment banks, which accumulated a large number of first-hand information on the Federal Reserve. After reading the book, have a deep feeling of our own, that is: the real The Federal Reserve and its textbooks give the impression that there are very different. from an ordinary reader, and a non-financial researcher's point of view, Let the work of the author's personal experience and learned an entirely different impression of the Federal Reserve.
However, with the other recommendations or comments are different is that we do not intend to detail the monitor the contents of the discussion started, but we are concerned with the Fed on the nature of (what), function (what), and other problems with the purposes. so-called
a nature: What is the Fed?
history, the U.S. used to have two institutions with the central bank mm1791 shape the establishment of the First American Bank and in 1816 established the Second Bank of the United States. However, 18 century and early 19th century the United States, or an agricultural population accounts for an absolute majority of the countries, 80% of households have their own farms. farmers and plantation owners against all money and banking, they think that means that the private nature of the privileges of national banks and monopolies, bankers and government collusion necessarily against their interests. liberals is to farmers and plantation owners put into practice this appeal, prompting the United States First Bank and Second Bank of the United States in their 20-year concession can not be closed after the expiration of extension. the collapse of the Second Bank of the United States, indicating that the establishment of British-style system of national vision of a single central bank in the United States completely failed. So, 1913 years ago, the United States has no real central bank. But then there were three major problems the U.S. banking system [2]: (1) the lack of a strong unified national bank clearing system. banking system suited to the economy in 1873,1893 and 1907 led to three years of serious financial crisis .1907 banking panic has finally prompted Americans to consider the establishment of the Central Bank.
However, At that time people did not mind the concept of modern central bank, or even the Central Bank of this formulation is very unpopular in the United States. challenges put in front of the Americans, how can we not only establish a central bank, not against this country, the traditional right?
repeated after 5 years of debate and consideration, in 1913 Congress finally passed the . This shows that the Fed does control the shares in the hands of the private banks, so it is not a general sense of government agencies, however, with shares of the Federal Reserve Bank of member banks only get 6% annual dividend rights, and can not ; its decision-making. the Federal Reserve Bank set 9-member Board of Directors respectively by A, B, C of the three directors. A class of directors are representatives of member banks from holding elected member banks. B Class where the reserve is a regional business director, representatives of agriculture and other industries. C category by the Washington director of the Federal Reserve Board to assign [3]. At that time, the head of each Federal Reserve Bank president is called to show in their respective The Reserve Bank of England region has the equivalent of president of the United Kingdom's position, that is, the formation of the reserve area is essentially independent of the currency and capital markets. No wonder the first Secretary General of the Federal Reserve in 1915, Willis wrote: rather than centralized. br> Although the Federal Reserve System to avoid centralization of power, but a minimum of national cooperation, unity and coordination is essential. This is the establishment of the Federal Reserve Board in Washington. the Federal Reserve Board composed of members from 7, for a term of 10 , the Minister of Finance and the Director are ex officio members of financial checks, and the remaining 5 nominated by the President, the Senate approved the appointment. Federal Reserve Board's most important functions of coordination and control of its right to voted in favor of the premise, asked the Federal Reserve Bank Federal Reserve Bank rediscount other discounted bills, the interest rate determined by the Federal Reserve Board. the preparation of a national centralized treasury. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve System established the Check Clearing for the system, all member banks can enjoy free paper clearing services.
1913 The Federal Reserve System is essentially a joint venture among banks, the powers of the Federal Reserve Board is very limited, the reserve area can have different discount rate. Debu long .1929-1933 maintain this situation in a serious blow to the economic crisis of the capitalist economy, the Federal Reserve System began to gradually shift control over Washington. In this severe economic recession, the Federal Reserve widely criticized. Americans began to strengthen the harmonization of the Federal Reserve. In 1935, the Federal Reserve Banking Act of completed restructuring. the power of the Federal Reserve has greatly increased, it through the creation in 1933, formally organized in 1935 to complete the Open Market Committee, became the center of policy making. The Committee consists of seven members of the Federal Reserve Board and five Federal Reserve Bank a total of 12 members. In the five governors in the , Reserve Bank of New York as a permanent member, while the other four seats from the 11 other Reserve Bank of rotation. is also the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board Open Market Committee. In order to control the money, all the regional reserve banks must according to Washington's demands, but they also can keep their different discount rates, but with the communications revolution surging to 60 years even this has become not make any sense, because within this gap in the moment, it will because the sets Operating profits disappear. Martin served as Fed chairman in 1951-1969, the concentration of power in Washington has turned into a single national market, the command center of the [6]. Until now, though changing the functions of the Federal Reserve, and its structure was almost the same time.
about the nature of the contents of the Federal Reserve, though not a lot of misunderstanding, In connection with the nature of the Fed involved, interested readers might also focused on this part of 看看.
very identity of the Fed's independence, which is consistent with our previous Yinxiang. We know that many central banks Lizhu the Government, the Fed generally considered to be independent of the government agency, directly responsible to Congress on the Banking Act .1935 separated its ties with the Ministry of Finance, Minister of Finance and the Director is no longer a financial examination of the course, the Federal Reserve Board members, seven members nominated by the President, the Senate approved the appointment of delivery. Each member of the term of 14 years, and staggered with each term. In an ideal situation, every 4 years, only two vacancies, so that one term President the Commission can not control. In addition, the Fed relying on debt interest and to pay for the banking system to provide clearing services, there will be substantial revenue each year, in addition to member banks to pay dividends and the salaries of employees, there are a lot of balance turned over to the Ministry of Finance. personnel arrangements and financial The independent, so the Fed can not partisan and political interference, the more detached fulfill their mission.
, however, of whether the government agencies on the understanding of the Fed seems to Milton. Friedman's understanding is somewhat different. The author believes that the Fed is an independent non-government sector. and in Friedman's view, . Obviously, this is a government agency Reserve Bank area of the member banks, their right to elect nine directors to six. The remaining three directors appointed by the Federation Council. every bank will need to purchase the net assets equal to its capital and shares 3% places. Therefore, the name, the Federal Reserve Bank stock produced by the privately owned Federal Reserve Cayman Road . Open Market Committee from seven members plus 12 bank president composition. However, only five have the right to vote, president. government agencies, this arrangement ensures the Federal Council has ultimate control, the more the Federal Reserve System to ensure the public interest to represent government agencies, rather than its shareholders a direct voice. Friedman's conclusion is simple: can not reach a conclusion. However, we found that the Federal Reserve System's official website address is:
two functions: the Fed do?
the Fed's three major functions is to formulate and implement monetary policy, banking supervision and the provision of payment clearing system. But for most people, the How the Fed monetary policy formulation and implementation, how to supervise the banks, but also how to provide payment and settlement system.
1929-1933 The Great Depression, the Fed's power to focus on the Federal Reserve Board in Washington. At this time, the Fed really started as a overall management of a national currency. However, in the era of Martin served as Fed chairman than it is now much easier to manage money. At that time the bank portfolio, there are a lot of government bonds, while in addition to deposit-taking and not much other than financing means. Martin If you want to reduce money supply growth rate, as long as higher interest rates, the bank hopes to expand the idea of loans would be defeated. because interest rates rise, bond prices fall, there is no other means of financing the case, extend the loan amount to sell bonds, which must weigh the cost price sale of bonds and loans are the benefits. No wonder people say, in the economic expansion, interest rates began rising, Martin, as long as the Federal Open Market Committee sit still, almost reflex can reduce total loans , so that money supply growth rate decreased [8]. Now the Federal Reserve to curb inflation, reduce the money supply growth will happen much more strenuous. a financial market allows banks to greatly enhance the ability to raise funds, they do not rely solely on the sale of government bonds to expand their loan volume, and secondly, the use of current bank accounts for corporate finance funds total 3 / 5, and now only less than 1 / 4 credit, financial disintermediation in the financial system to allow banks the role of relative reduced, you may not even be able to control the banks control the supply of national currency. In any case, regardless of the difficulty of regulating the currency increased the number, the implementation of monetary policy to maintain economic growth in the U.S., while in the control of inflation has become The main objective of the Fed today. In order to achieve this goal, the Fed continued to consider and adjust their choices to decide the interest rates, money supply or credit amounted to intermediate target. the Federal Reserve to establish a large econometric model to simulate the economic situation, combined with Other kinds of information decided to raise, lower or maintain interest rates unchanged. the financial market reaction to these decisions very sensitive, because it directly affects the value of various assets. in about six months to a year longer period of time, these decisions also affect the U.S. gross national product, employment and price levels. monetary policy the Fed does not have the functions of the early days of the Fed is now the reason has a huge influence.
which the Fed is the use of indicators as whether intermediate target of monetary policy? It's hard to say, because the choice of intermediate targets may be changing, in fact, the Fed considering them. For example, in the recession of 1990-1991 and 1992, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates 23 times in order to restore the economy, their own that has been carefully and acted decisively, because the interest rates sharply. However, critics do not think so, M2 and M3 growth is very slow, does not significantly change the total amount of credit, expansionary monetary policy that was not enough [9]. Art on the Fed decision, I am afraid you can not simply say so, we better take a look at the money supply Federal Reserve of the three tools.
the Federal Reserve has three tools to adjust money supply. Today, the open market Business has become one of the most important and most commonly used. If the Fed hopes lower interest rates, it will notify the New York Federal Reserve Bank printing money with a new purchase on the payment of bonds; raised the interest rate if you want, then do the opposite operation. interest rate controls actually relatively easy, but open market operations lead to changes in M2 and M3 how precise, almost impossible to estimate in advance, which is now more difficult for monetary policy reasons Bima Ding times. decided to grasp the power of interest rate changes in the open market Operating Committee's hands. Federal Reserve Board's seven members and 12 regional Reserve Bank president, meets at least 8 meetings. meeting they will get a ; Beige Book New York Federal Reserve Bank established through open market operations to implement monetary policy. wide concern for the market .
discount rate and statutory reserve ratio of money supply as the Federal Reserve regulate the other two methods use open market operations is far from extensive. The discount rate is the Fed reserve to cope with its lack of short-term bank loans received interest rate. In theory, if the Fed changes the discount rate, to change the cost of bank funding, which affect the bank's external loans by changing the quantity of money throughout the economy. But today, the bank mostly from the inter-bank financing of the federal funds market reserves, the Fed rarely use the discount window. just as the Fed discount rate is actually intended to signal mechanism. When the increase in the discount rate, the banks and financial markets as the Fed wants to reduce it to money supply and market interest rates a signal. the Federal Reserve regulate money supply in the third means of a statutory reserve ratio, but in recent years almost without this tool the Fed. this means people should be very familiar with the principle. in the year, repeatedly stressed the People's Bank of China High statutory reserve ratio trying to ease the excess liquidity in the market.
in the functions, of course, did not know it can even monitor the financial holding company. because in China, the financial management system after the People's Bank of China monetary policy solely on the formulation and implementation, and supervision of banks handed over responsibility for banking supervision and management Committee. In fact, the Federal Reserve was first set up the most important function is to provide reserves for the banking system to provide clearing and payment functions. to maintain stability of the banking system is the Fed's main goal, then the supervision of the banking problems in the meaning seems to be, but the early years, the Fed also only through the discount window to understand the bank's balance sheets, and no modern sense of the regulatory function. As for the promotion of economic growth, monetary policy is more inflation the Fed can not be one of the functions was first set up, because then even the unemployed The data have not.
said the Federal Reserve banking supervision functions, the first question is why the banking industry being regulated? The reason there are two aspects: The first reason is because of the special nature of the banking sector, it The gearing ratio is high, so the operator has the use of high-risk assets, the power, if made huge profits, the shareholders may benefit, but once the business failure, the most wretched than the bank's creditors are, and to prevent banks from over- high-risk use of funds is a necessity. The second reason is that the banking system a great impact on the national economy, if the risk of the banking sector gathered to the point of losing control, the country must suffer, the 1997 Southeast Asian financial crisis is proof. U.S. dual banking system is very special, banks in the Federal Register, can be registered in the state. Now, in the Federal Register of the National Bank is supervised by the Financial Inspection Department, registered in the state where the state banks by the Fed and the Bank Office of joint responsibility. In a global perspective, the traditional central bank without supervision. in 1864 the Department has established a financial examination has been dominant in the regulatory area. until 1933, members of Congress to ask for the Fed to understand the general bank lending and investment nature and amount of .1956 years ago, the Fed's oversight function is concentrated at the discount window, that is, banks borrow funds from the Federal Reserve, the regional reserve banks can check the quality of banks to determine mortgage banking businesses. in the Act, mergers and acquisitions, management and operation of the supervisory duties naturally fell on the head of the Federal Reserve. In subsequent decades, due to its tension, the Fed and financial inspection department of the power struggle intensified. finally in 1999, engage in any cross-sectoral, cross-sectoral and inter-regional financial services, while not legally binding, ending half a century of U.S. history since the separate operation, announced the official arrival of Mixed. Although the regulators are still divisions The post of National Bank Financial Inspection Department, the Office of the Federal Reserve Bank is responsible for the state and state-incorporated banks, the Securities and Exchange Commission is responsible for securities business, State Insurance Department is responsible for the insurance business. However, for the extension, galloping major financial battlefields. conceivable the. coordinating the regulatory powers of the financial holding company, who fell after the Fed New York Fed is more busy and more important. of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as a senior bank inspectors. Because of this, the author shows us the Fed is almost picture of the U.S. financial industry regulation. Bank for International Settlements in the implementation of Basel II developed in the process of banking supervision is no longer using the sampling quality of loans Law. bank risk measurement, simulation, monitoring progress was closely related to information systems. As for asset securitization and derivative financial products in use in the banking industry, regulators can not afford a visit to a bank's assets business. for the Fed through on-site supervision, off-site supervision and continuous monitoring of the bank investigated the way credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, legal risk and reputation risk. the Fed but strict strict regulation of banks, the training of inspectors learning very seriously, three years of the New York Fed, Although the functions of monetary policy or bank supervision not like to attract people's attention, but it is to guarantee the stability of financial operations played an important role, and brought a lot of money to the Fed's revenue, its independence is an important guarantee to maintain . for the bank payment and settlement system is the Federal Reserve in the early days of a function. At that time a bank check made out to the remote should discount cash, and all the modern means of payment is unheard of. Frankly speaking, the Federal Reserve had a lot of work in this area. Automatic Clearing House processing tens of millions of checks every day, the amount of several billion dollars; and large-scale transactions, transfer funds through the Federal Reserve's nationwide electronic network for mm mm Fed Network. At present United States 60 million times a day, more than 4 trillion U.S. dollars by the Federal Reserve bank transfer network to complete [12]. In the new means of payment such as credit cards developed, the United States inevitably to the development of a cashless society, people want the Federal Reserve electronic payment process in advance to play a leading role, as the old payment system has become increasingly unsuited to economic development. with digital display, 1996, the U.S. check system may cost as much as 204 billion U.S. dollars, which is equivalent to the burden of each adult $ 1,050 [13]. this time the Fed has shown its conservative side, innovation is not for anyone easy, once the non-cash and checks electronic payment system set up, the Fed's many employees are faced with nothing do situation. While under the weight of the outside world, the Fed had to promote the establishment of the new payment system, but inside, it is somewhat less reluctant.
functions of Changes in the Fed let us see, Today, nearly a hundred years ago, the Federal Reserve and the establishment of the Federal Reserve has been quite different. in the world began to implement monetary policy and financial regulation, while separation of powers, the Fed has become the U.S. > Third, the new challenge: the Fed's next
2006 年 1 31, from the Department of Economics, Princeton University, Bernanke took over as Fed chairman. now more than ever, the Federal Reserve more power and influence force. Of course, Bernanke and his colleagues also face many challenges.
in the UK, Japan and Europe, the central bank solely on the monetary policy, which will separate the powers of financial supervision. in the separation of powers has always been known for the United States, it is just the opposite. Many people expressed concern about the Fed's helm, as it encompasses the two functions may cause a conflict of interest. For example, if the U.S. economy needs tighter monetary policy, Federal Reserve Bank under the jurisdiction of facing a serious business crisis, how it will make a choice. While so far, no specific cases of conflict of interest that this decision-making process will be disturbed, but the concentration of power on the Federal Reserve may have been the criticism will not stop. Of course, the helm in times of crisis but will increase the efficiency of a large decentralized coordination costs, the United States and other countries adopt different financial management system, at least for the painstaking efforts to find a balance point of the national financial management authority to provide reference.
transparency is another major challenge, whether the Fed itself or its regulated banking system. for the public, the Fed is due to its own mysterious opaque. Greenspan, the Fed has greatly improved the transparency of not only the interest rate decision, the recent trend of monetary policy to be announced to the public in a timely manner, decisions can be postponed meeting minutes published. Bernanke Fed must continue to promote transparency in the market and policy makers must know what and how to think about thinking in order to have more accurate expectations, because it is expected to run extremely well on the market importance. As the bank as a financial intermediary, the information before its meaning and is completely different. In the past, information is the real source of profit for banks, not rely on others information, bank deposits and loans to become a bridge between. Now, the financial markets, rapid and comprehensive information delivery, the bank can and must to some extent, greater transparency, to let the market take part of their oversight responsibilities. It is said that , [14]. banks to promote transparency of the movement is not going to monitor the effect of people may have doubts.
under the hypothesis of rational man, as an independent agency, the Federal Reserve must also seek to maximize their own interests. Historically point of view, the Fed acquired the tension it is today. and some actions to safeguard their own interests while causing a more widespread discontent, as mentioned above in the development of advanced electronic payment system is not a positive attitude. the Fed's independence always be given the kind words, but with its growing independence, some of the negative things that will cause losses to the public, this is a new century, the Fed must answer the question. For people of other countries said that globalization and the importance of the U.S. economy has actually become the Federal Reserve can affect the world's economic decision-makers, but to start thinking for the United States or to assume the responsibility to the world's central banks, but also the challenge of the Federal Reserve can not be avoided.
Historically, the Fed is actually in accordance with the Americans since the ...

The recent regulation on real estate topics such as sky snow

 The recent regulation on real estate topics such as sky snow, sand, I want to really understand the situation at home and abroad, read Chapter Lang and Dai Xuwen people may have told me the same view; lazy to explain his own point of view of the Links a Lang now, still ignorant of the country want to give people injections Sober! following text Links:
fact, my friend, no country in the world will care about this subject today, the world does not regulation of a government would be so real estate, to which it can be said of a situation is already possessed by the devil.
me give an example in terms of, we even Recently added property tax to be introduced, to what end? to suppress the room Price, my friend, then came out of this shocked the world, you know why?
property tax rates to suppress it? with a minimum of reason do not understand, so for this I have only four government regulation Word mm nothing to say. even the most basic concepts at least do not understand the real estate management unit, you want me to talk about the what with the Lang, what to talk about it?
even told me that this was many things, out of 90 after several control measures we need today to talk about the boring subject I do not know why you this is a failure 90 times, and today is still so out of control prices.
world The purpose of introduction of property tax countries are doing to raise funds to local government development purposes, and is very specific.
such as the United States, property taxes can only be done after two uses, the first of the local police with the second public schools. ENTITLED TO BE moved to its use, not as we do when the expenditure, how to do it love how dry it is not possible.
but then again, China is the world's only our dominated by real estate market, you absolutely unimaginable.
we have in Singapore, high-end real estate such as ours, like everywhere, only 3% of real estate to sell you believe it?
us then to Sweden, for example, half of the real estate people are building their own joint venture, we can do?
even in the end you will wonder that we are not a socialist country in the world the Chinese people still like this, is inconceivable.
So today I come, I do not know how to talk about this subject, but time is very short. For purposes of this topic, you will find the whole of China is its absurdity, for example, which around the world industry, traders can always go to the mountains, talk about life, about philosophy, in which an industry's business? Do you think we do not do real estate business doing?
that I would ask you, as we Dongguan, the owner of these manufacturers, Is it possible to climb the mountain, chairman, talk about life, about philosophy?
not possible because of his incredibly busy, and why?
you see from this little thing out of this market is definitely abnormal or even can nurture a large number of idle real estate developers, this is totally incomprehensible. then I ask why you would come this far then?
fact, again, the April 19 launch control measures, and we wonder why you now launched last year, why go? how not to introduce it earlier?
so we could not help but think of a more ridiculous reason: because the two years of agonizing, We sell to the local government also sold, the money circle the circle; we real estate developers to make money earned this year is Xinjingdantiao, went to pieces. But no matter how you say, the money has earned, In these two interests has been achieved under the premise, we launched the Ye Hao to the media, people Ye Hao, criticized the real estate developers and local governments will form an unbreakable interest groups do?
This is the first problem we need to think about, but I would like to make an entry point from this, please Friends will think you are in addition to the development of the Government and the developers that you can legally purchase real estate in addition, do you have may have their own fund-raising, there is no such possibility Think? no possibility that this is not legitimate .
that I suddenly thought of a very interesting analogy, you know what people would go to marriage agencies do?
is not meeting people who love and less attractive to marriage agencies may to find the object, if one day the provisions of the Government suddenly not allowed to fall in love, married love and be issued a marriage certificate does not need to go to marriage agencies, then you know what results you?
marriage agency intermediary fees to ensure shot up, why?
you is to use your terms, you are deliberately organized the formation of such monopolies. So personal is the same with us, we speak more specifically, we can not be like the United States, Sweden, etc. Some countries, like Germany, like if we can not be some planning by the Government, after the release of some of the detailed terms of buying our own piece of land, our own Can you build a house? not allowed.
but I tell you that in addition to China than other countries can, why?
we have through a number of rules, law does not allow us to set section free love, free love were not as long as the marriage certificate issued to all of us to a monopoly that We are real estate developers and local government, then I ask my friends you already have the premise of a monopoly, so prices will only rise and fall, this is the first element, we must bear in mind in mind.
also a second question, I also draw attention to it. I just talked about the example of Singapore, real to real estate is not even 5%.
then turn to the Hong Kong, if our friends have the opportunity to go to Hong Kong Tourism Hong Kong tour guide will show you around saying The mood in Hong Kong to introduce you to celebrity homes, talk to you from the inside of his did you see his discontent, and even the hatred you can not see him, you know why?
because Hong Kong is far more than half of He is enjoying the residents of the Hong Kong Government to provide public housing, the housing is what nature? It has the characteristics of affordable housing, but also has the characteristics of low-cost housing, we are so expensive in Hong Kong in terms of local It low-cost housing only a few hundred pieces a month rent, and even three hundred dollars or two, but the Mainland and Hong Kong this is a large gap between wage income, and why Hong Kong can provide such a cheap low-cost homes?
because it is government's responsibility, governments around the world without a government does not put this thing to run as a top priority. affordable housing with low-cost housing in our sounds like a fantasy, have been implemented in other countries very much.
Take the example we are familiar with Hong Kong, Hong Kong, do you want low-cost housing with affordable housing that need to go through a very rigorous examination, and Hong Kong's civil service system not only clean and efficient, definitely not would like our side as affordable housing. For example, we often talk about the many examples, to the basement is a look at BMW and Mercedes-Benz, this injustice to the people how to psychological balance?
because in an economy developed to a stage in the people of Home Ownership of the circumstances, your estate as the market supply and demand for commodities and the development of people is not hate, this world itself will be able to achieve harmony. Then you say to our government Officials of wisdom does he does not know?
then we looking through the history of the State Council promulgated in 1998 a 23, which specified how? that our goal is to back the ruling to build 80% affordable housing, 10% of low-cost housing, and 10% of the commodity housing.
from 1998 to 2003, housing prices are relatively stable, of course, I can not say because of the contribution of the bill. But If you think about us down this road, it is that the Singapore model, the Hong Kong model, and will not come today. (Bloggers note: This is what the reign of Zhu Rongji, who is comparable to the Ming Jang)
but By 2003, the government also has announced a 18 unit, affordable housing for the so-called given a bizarre interpretation, that is the nature of the goods with protection of housing to replace affordable housing.
do so to 2003, Hong Kong, Singapore model disappear, we the people can no longer enjoy the benefit of all Singaporeans can enjoy, so 80% of affordable housing in 2003, 18 houses were all turned into a commodity. coupled with the original planning 10% to 90%, combined with our local governments have no power to do low-cost housing, so since 2003 has fostered a very China National mm housing.
background in these two prices has been laid today, the basic pattern of tumor, that China's real estate problem is a structural problem:
structure of one is not free love, free love can not get a marriage license, must be local governments and property developers through the formation of monopolies and to him to buy a house this is the first point.
second, with the protection of the nature of any housing, including affordable housing and low-cost housing in 2003, disappeared after, then this is the beginning of the two abnormal structures.
so what next? next to such a fuse, how to make China's housing prices in these two abnormal structures under the line of control.
then went back to 2006, our friends remember us really remember, and even real estate bubble is starting from the second half of 2006? to ask you why? I speak in front of two structural problems Buzhi Yu. the need for a thrust housing prices, the thrust to come from the beginning of 2003, around the deteriorating investment environment across the board the reality.
that started from around 2003 We are a manufacturing-based entrepreneurs in China, they face the investment environment has begun to deteriorate. So to the second half of 2006 we have found a number of enterprise funds to do the real economy, resulting in flow out of stock speculation, 2006 years of soul-stirring property market bubble, the stock market bubble.
and made me feel puzzled is the time in addition to property and stock markets also appeared outside ever seen before, even unheard of so-called tea with mahogany furniture story, you may even find that social capital has been flowing to the point? stock speculation can not satisfy their own place of these funds must also be entered with mahogany furniture, a series of tea, this is the beginning of a national crisis.
So in 2006 when I was called for the issue price of the stock bubble in the bubble views put forward, I think the overall deterioration in business environment for investment, which means that China's economy began a crisis across the board.
and you understand our so-called mainstream scholars of Chinese people with my view is contrary to, they say all this is because economic development is too successful, too rich people, so we only have so much money speculation in stocks and they This phenomenon is called normalized placed the interpretation of excess liquidity.
What is excess liquidity? It's too much money in your hand, property speculation bubble, stock market bubble.
in both completely different theoretical background, the government macro-control to make a choice, because the government wants to control the bubble through macro-control.
Dear friends, please note that this is the price the government began regulating the real beginning of the era, from 2006 started all wrong, has been wrong up to now, the government's macro-control had what kind of thinking? They think that way by raising interest rates, and so want to be able to recover liquidity, as many scholars say, because of excess liquidity of these caused.
So back then, what is excess liquidity, it is too much money on hand, property speculation bubble, stock market bubble. Therefore, the Government's gut reaction is to raise interest rates to recover liquidity, because In their mind as long as the liquid inside the back of the good, less money in our hands, not speculation, and not even stock, so the problem be resolved.
Well, to June 2007, the Government times to raise interest rates, my friends still remember the 2007 stock prices, how prices change? I leave alone to talk about stock prices, higher interest rates six times six times a day, without exception, all stock prices, and why? Government is not improving rate it? to raise interest rates to recover mobility is not it? so our hands for less money does not it? not speculation stock market is not it? prices should fall, stock prices should fall, why not drop it?
because the goal of government policy all wrong, and I mentioned is right, that is, after 2003 our economy has been sick, and had the first patient that I just told you a comprehensive investment and business environment has deteriorated, so the 2007 Every time the government raised interest rates is a further blow to our first patient, making our manufacturing-based private investment enterprise operating environment facing the worse, and worse then what is the result? He did not even , so he took out from the real economy more money to stock market speculation, which is why share prices in 2007 raised interest rates six times six times higher, the price you know and have continued to rise.
to the end of 2007, the Central Economic Work Conference closed officially announced the two-room, then this is the first time in years we have seen so very strict macro-control, I was directly in parts of speech I made clear my attitude, I said, the conclusions of the Central Economic Work Conference, all wrong, you more stringent regulation of the final result that price, the price is more line out of control, why? because such stringent regulation and control will make our first disease worse.
to the end of 2008, the financial tsunami has not yet started when we officially entered the so-called times before the financial crisis, the manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province have been closed down by 30%, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have closed down the manufacturing sector by 20%, may I ask what does this mean?
ask you to listen carefully to each friend, that is from 2003 years later in 2006 as an example if you see a bubble in China, it is a precursor to a future even greater crisis, remember my words. The bubble of 2006 shows a large number of the 2008 collapse of the manufacturing sector, this time the Government realized that the macro-control policies all wrong.
to the September 16, 2008, the Government think it is more reliable Lang, although his speech comparing it bluntly, whether spoken or right, so do the macro-control 180-degree turn from the past into absolute absolute tightening loose. and wrong! these people are not taught, and the net go to extremes, may I ask you friends, from 2006 to today, every one of you was the first I just repeated a high degree of disease is the investment you operating environment, it has improved or worsened? of course, is even worse, for several reasons I can be an example.
First, the RMB exchange rate appreciation of 20% in recent years China's export manufacturing sector hit hard.
second reason, three years ago the Government to reduce the proportion of export tax rebates, up to July last year, only to find a mistake, then transferred back to 17%, the problem is in your three years ago Why reduce it? you are not troubled? reduce the proportion of the results of the export tax rebate and export manufacturing in the horizontal insert on the back of a knife, really much, and very obvious to see the government completely misjudged the economic situation. < br> The third reason, in 2008 launched the first labor contract law, the introduction of this bill makes our third of China's manufacturing industry in trouble immediately, resulting in lost business results, as long as the companies lose workers to lose, labor Government to pay the Government lose lose. a bill to create business, labor, government three-lose situation that is not easy, and we have done.
Fourth, I have talked about the macro-control, the overall error. < br> The fifth factor, showdown tax increase last year dealt a further blow to our first example.
so I am very easy to talk about what happened the past few years, you find that government policies make everyone today not as good as the operating environment of investment in 2006, but also worse, and you may find it very strange that Professor Lang told the things you talk about how we think is the difference? how the more worse the more prices rise?
this is China, But our Chinese students is not only this disease, the virus makes the financial crisis you had to sit a second disease, what disease?
excess capacity, in fact, you think about the financial crisis would have told us that the virus is It does not matter, that is financial, we are so many Chinese banks are also the financial, not linked with others, playing their own, what are you excited? We also suffered a lot of impact and why? it back to our government, That is because the local government's policy over the years caused the error, making the loss of our entire economic system of immunity, what policies? two:
the first one, you are very familiar with the construction grip pull GDP.
s two, investment.
fact, the real estate you want to go this far today and is closely related to past history, I hope that through an hour lecture today, this thing you do with a relatively clear comb.
first What is called the building caught driving GDP? that is building bridges and roads and so on through all levels of government means, of course, driven by way of the real estate driven, and so we GDP, in recent years is not what our great economic growth, basically the infrastructure of real estate results driven, that is driven by the results of reinforced concrete.
That is why in 2008 57% of GDP which is steel and concrete, making the consumption of compressed to only 35%. By 2009 more worse, 67% of steel and concrete, only 29% of the consumer.
real estate you do good, to other businesses Ye Hao, you heard me tell you the data you must have the feeling of fear, no such countries around the world , the consumption of other countries have accounted for 80% of GDP. the world is only 30% of a country, that is China, so you can take the data from a fear of feeling, and these data combined with real estate This is a terrible development end ah, do you think?
second investment, what we all levels of government investment dare to sign, what dare to sell, what are daring to do, do not dare What environmental pollution, resource destruction, exploitation of local people did not care.
result of local government, as we crazy Suzhou investment is a prime example of this explosion of production capacity is greatly significant expansion of production capacity we have Up to the GDP of 70%.
Great, the first policy making consumption and only 35% in 2008 as an example, the second policy making capacity becomes 70%, 70% of the capacity consumption of 35% there , then my friends, you can not that part of the consumer is called what? called serious overcapacity, how should we do?
you solve this problem is not the disintegration of the Chinese economy immediately, come to the stage today, so we promote an unprecedented large-scale exports, allowing Americans to spend, give us absorb excess capacity, the question is how the American consumer spending ah? essentially borrow money to short the bubble ahead of consumer spending.
So now absorb excess capacity that we are spending bubble, as long as the bubble will burst, the question is how broken? financial crisis.
2008 年 11 months, in the year prior to each of China's export growth rate is more than 30%, in November 2008 for the first time into a negative 2.2% in the year 2009, a negative 16%, our exports can not get out, Americans do not consume, then we immediately exposed the crisis of overcapacity, so they had The second disease.
then please think about this for two years to our Chinese economy is not what you might think, because it happened a good bubble?
not, but we fall into a deeper crisis We not only have the same with the crisis of 2006: the first disease worsening investment environment, and has been even worse, the financial crisis and down and we had our second disease is called overcapacity.
So I ask my friend, when you do business after the birth of these two diseases What would you do?
we to January 2009 data as an example makes me feel shocking, January exports fell by 17%, 43% of imports actually fall. wow, this terrible! raw materials other than crude oil decreased by 50%, machinery and equipment imports plunged 40%, you know what you are terrible about? why we go through this year's property bubble to come from this .
That is what our Chinese manufacturing industry ah? simply say that imported raw materials, machinery and equipment imports of rough, raw materials or if a half months of imports, imports of machinery and equipment fell into four you know What is terrible about? you can not try to experience how terrible crisis?
that is in front of me talking about the two diseases we have not resolved the case of a manufacturing-based private entrepreneurs have not do it, so do not import raw materials, then do not want to be doing here?
We found a lot of money out of the real economy from the manufacturing end of 2008 to early 2009, began to enter the property market, stock market, buying a car to buy luxury goods , resulting in a series of so-called pick up, and that is our media that we often boast of the stock market in China started from November 2008 to pick up the global leader for four months, the Chinese property market in the world in 2009 we are thriving under extreme depression .
car? the whole world last year, down 20%, 30% of circumstances we are contrarian growth 46%.
luxury products? the world decreased by 5% to 15%, 20% growth in our contrarian Therefore, we Statistics Ye Hao, Ye Hao government units, media units Ye Hao, we lead the world to warm up.
you you think of today's property market is up because of warming caused by?
you are completely wrong to tell you a correct answer, we are not leading the world to pick up, we lead the world sick. It is because these two diseases is not resolved, to January data, the entrepreneurs did not do it, do not want to the results of a large number of entities economic capital began to enter the property market, stories, cars, luxury goods, causing a fever, because of illness to be a fever. Oh, say so on the clear, China is leading the world had a fever, that's it, this is a reasonable , or not at all unreasonable.
to you both think you can lead the world to brush, do you think possible? 08 I say this sentence is a total, how can you?
In fact, I talk to you if only you the world one country to pick up the Chinese, it means that you are not the same with other countries, and think of yourself with others if you are not the same man, in the end that you do not normally it, or others are not normal?
you think about it, China's leading pick up, that we are not normal.
believe that I talked about here, we are able to understand: So China is the only country in the world had Two patients, one is the overall deterioration of the investment environment, and the second is a serious overcapacity. so a lot of money to stock market speculation, resulting in fever, we misread it as a pick up. That is why we make money last year, real estate developers earned Xinjingdantiao, because your mind is clear, you are the operator of the market you are very clear that you earn money, money is not normal, is the money of our economic fever.
So today listening to a speech I put your fear of the past year to tell you, the original money earned is the fever, many of the investors in the last year, they also salvaged a lot of money, is not it? Why? fever of money.
Since fever , we will certainly pay a price, and then began to treat our government. From the beginning in October 2008, drove for six tigers of drugs to cure diseases. If can prescribe the right medicine to cure the patient, the end of 2008, 2009 the beginning of the bubble should be eased.
our friends will think if a man does with the wrong medicine, and that fever is more serious, you should understand, the following words Needless to say, in fact, I am smarter than you, listen to understand, is how we come to see these prescriptions, of course, time is limited today, I will not talk about too much.
first prescription for agricultural reform, and the second prescription health care reform. aside , why? did not talk about the texture.
then there were four prescriptions, listen clearly:
first, four trillion;
the second, ten industrial revitalization program;
section three, car appliances building materials to the countryside;
fourth, bank credit Liucheng do infrastructure.
Ladies and gentlemen, please answer my question, these four prescription what is the meaning of its essence?
Some people told me that the stimulating domestic demand, very well, so tell me I am very grateful. But today I took advantage of the opportunity of this sentence, I have to tell each and every friend of this country for so many years and the government introduced ten Several control measures 90, as well as several prescription Wen it all guilty of known problems like what?
the phenomenon of making decisions based on the surface this is the most terrible, and never understand the essence of what is the meaning. < br> What do you mean this sentence knows you do not know?
why do we control the more stressed the more worse every time? and even many government policies and even a few country several countries, what is it? called a place on the chaos, a chaos to collection, a collection to die, and put a death. you know that a few times? 2008 Who told you to save the city? Why?
so many years no one can give answers, and today why I do not want media coverage, I can tell you the answer, that is, all the control measures of all government policies, there is only one reason, that is, the phenomenon of making decisions based on the surface, called the stop-gap measures. This year the disease has become a headache, even worse, and also than piecemeal, because in this, understand what I mean? treating the foot.
then the nature of the four prescription what is the meaning?
This is very important, it is to use excess capacity to digest tomorrow today excess capacity, and today I want this opportunity to tell you the current crisis by how much. And you know what I say must be right, must occur, ask you to carefully listen to me the following minute, then you know your future crisis much .
What do you mean? What is the use of excess capacity tomorrow excess capacity to digest today?
I will take four trillion, for example, where is it? Midwest's infrastructure. I then expressway cases, there is no cars built after completing the above race? basically no cars running, the highway can be built after completing all excess capacity, but when the need for construction steel, required cement, so it can digest the market today, more than 200 million tons of steel excess capacity, but also to digest today, 1.1 billion tons of cement market, excess capacity, has been booming looks.
ladies and gentlemen, you know you come from the crisis? That is, how to do after finished building?
This is a question of your company, once the construction is finished after the freeway built excess capacity, eliminating the need for steel, not cement, these two industries show their colors mm excess capacity, so China will soon become a national excess capacity of a large black hole.
how to do in the future? you how to do real estate?
I thought it was all going to come out in June this year, but I still too optimistic, I say go wrong in to see how Premier Wen Jiabao told his:
listen carefully, August 26, 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao said at a State Council executive meeting, steel, cement, plate glass, coal, chemical overcapacity.
2010 on 1 March 20, March 20, April 6, said power coal, coke, iron alloy, electromagnetic, steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, light industry, textiles all excess capacity.
Why? is because the Government of the four prescription It is the result of excess production capacity with tomorrow's excess capacity to digest today, wait until after construction is finished his speech, Comrade Wen Jiabao. Ladies and gentlemen, China has slowly from now on almost all walks of life have access to a national severe overcapacity large black hole.
a new growth point in the future so how? please tell me?
did not, and no new growth point of China's economy will fall into a long-term stagnation.
Okay, so it did not rule the first four prescriptions a disease, the second disease is more serious overcapacity. If the second disease is more serious, of course, burning your hair even more serious. The second patient developed fever how come? that the remaining four as bank credit is for? short-term financing is mainly state-owned enterprises.
I ask you, state-owned enterprises of the two disease solved? did not resolve, the first disease have not been resolved, and the second disease is more serious. then state-owned enterprises to get so much money that they do it?
a large number of bank credit into the stock market caused more fever, while the phenomenon of land speculation caused the king around the endless.
there a whole year last year, the bank credit to 9.59 trillion released to the up to 12 trillion in January this year, you are not afraid of inflation? inflation to how to do? your hair in the bank's money, in order to invest the money you dare barren real economy? such as stationery to open a plastics factory, or the leather processing plants, not because we, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, severe overcapacity leather processing plants, how to do it?
a large number of hedge funds to escape the impact of inflation, the stock market, more to the impact of the property market.
Great , then we to talk about the stock market, why the stock market to pull three or four thousand points today, because the impact of three separate funds, the first two patients did not resolve, the first impact of the manufacturing sector funds. The second document, the two diseases have not been resolved, the credit financial impact. The third document, the two diseases have not been resolved, to avoid the impact of inflation, the stock market hedge funds. This three-sum impact of the stock market, only one reason: the two diseases have not been resolved with the wrong medicine.
your concern property, why is today's topic?
this subject we dig it, in fact, a good topic, please think about the property market two sum: the first, two patients did not resolve the impact of manufacturing the first property funds. The second document, the two diseases have not been resolved, to avoid an inflation hedge funds went into the property market. Both of these funds were all referred to as speculative capital, the impact of their specialized high-end real estate resulting from last year to now sell the more expensive high-end real estate The more popular the market. is not our demand, it is not, but the two pen from the impact of speculative capital.
That is why, last year, real estate developers Xinjingdantiao earn money, because in this . Both of these speculative funds were squeezed out how? two diseases have not been resolved with the wrong medicine, causing this abnormal situation, until today, until April 19, April 19, near Shanghai before the entire Great Area housing prices began to rise.
reason why the second tranche of funds to avoid an inflation hedge funds?
please note that the bubble began in 2009, you remember my advice to you? That is the next a precursor to a major crisis, ah! So what is the next big crisis?
course this is not about the topic today, I did not let too much time about this. However, please think about it, if China Wen Jiabao, according to the meaning, so multi-industry excess, but also for the first time three weeks ago, he recognized China's unemployment is not 20 million, it is blind ... Bureau of Statistics of China

Christian Li Lin Shan Liao ill

 Recommended
writer Liao Yiwu Liao Yiwu (Laowei) for many people, the country is not very familiar with his great reputation in foreign countries, many people say that he is a Chinese writer, Nobel Prize in Literature from the nearest person, I had one after another read some of his works have been impressed. Of course his work in the areas of relatively narrow, this and his experiences. Liao Yiwu is the pioneer in the early 80s crowd, a prominent figure in poetry, has been famous in literary circles, in the was very alternative.
1989   after 6 months because of long poem, thousands of criminals, but also witnessed more than 20 death row were tied to the execution site. I have been with murder and arson, trafficking, rape, theft, escape exile, fortune-telling con artists to make friends, over and over again to listen to their dictation. after release , in order to make ends meet, I have to wander around entertainer, the bar in Stealing from Thieves, punctured dongxiao, singing folk songs break, the lowest level of the people and society as a living. I came to forget I am a poet, is still holding on in prison Writing of the underlying story. Chinese tears and laughter; Chinese people again and again after being raped, how to live with shame to the apathetic; the Chinese people's living tips, shameless, helpless, shameless and persistent. little accumulation of a book. Comparison of the real world, they are so real. This year he has been invited to keynote presentations Frankfurt Book Fair, but did not take place. The official went to the hundreds of people, I think that works in the literature and on, not as the value of Liao. < br> recently read a new work recently Liao, calm and a lot of articles than in the past, but also feel shocked, hereby recommended on my blog.
ill Christian Li Lin Liao Yiwu
prelude to the mountain
the story of the Jedi faith, this spring I had to know his mouth from friends I Kun. when he urged me to go thousands of miles away, the marble rushed interview, otherwise miscellaneous things to the car, has been dragged summer, a chance to travel.
2009 年 8 月 16 at noon, the sun very pungent, and I drilled from under the eaves, low, supporting a lazy waist, a farm courtyard, the first roundabout and on the grass along the endless, close to the vagina clouds in the Mountain. last night, did some heavy rain, I have dreamed of Erhai waves rose up, covered over the city, instantly took to the top of hills. And I like the swing of clown, among the more than 20 Rufeng swinging.
available at the moment, I Guangzhuobangzi, between the ripples in the sun swinging. the left of the two cows, the right side of the dogs, the ring of the beast , the thunder faint, the original ship as big a hit my eyebrows moving clouds.
so enough is enough, covered with yellow underground rapid slope. fain to return to the motherland for the apes, jungle streaking a long way, until Indian tribes generally close to the pristine village of Shek Mun, square re-dressed, changed back to human form of knowledge. to follow, well dressed, cross the road, into the city, and spend all the tourists in the mix Hu shoot.
to go. turbulent flow gradually bifurcation gradually sparse, and finally dried up in the lower people's way. I Kun depressed to flash. come to Romania? so late? he complained Road. I say night, it was half past two. He said that people struggle with death, you still climbing? very relaxed very fashionable thing. I immediately review should not climb. really should not climb.
two in more than two meters wide alleys within the walk through, I looked nutation own shadow. Qiguaibaguai to reach the road near the corner of Guang-wu 81. I did not knock on the door Kun, the first crying, I looked up at the faded red paint lintel, Bai, like brown peasant woman opened the door, she was the wife of the protagonist of this article, 5 years ago, dragging a daughter remarried, and his son after the husband pulled a Daohai harmony, in the end the family believed the Lord. The Lee brothers This is more than pocket-sized in comparison Kun Li Yuan Ba raise the central high-profile. So my interview subjects carrying two kitchen knives, from the corner stand. oh. Liao teacher. Jiuyang heard so much about. can not shake hands ah. It turned out he was chop dumpling filling.
Di Di da da knife in the case of percussion, I took out the recorder. Yu Kun quips, Laoliao You see, Brother Lee left a thin bones, not just as Nazi concentration camps to escape the Jewish blacksmith? I say thin is thin, very capable. Old Lee smiled and said today is a special day, not just the weather was clear and his , fatigue life, stem did not move to do, God how he let the elderly live, to how to live it. Old Lee nodded, so I want to make dumplings to celebrate something. Since the disease, this is the first time I personally chop stuffing children, perhaps the last. some minced as possible, according to the style of home, Duojialuobu. If there is little effort to spare, I personally and face roll skin, personally package. you have left, we eat a bustling Dayton authentic Shanxi dumplings right.
I am too harsh. may have to start talking.
text Laowei: How come you came to this disease?
Li Lin Shan: Oh, good answer. I have always been difficult support. In the womb to cruelly toss.
Laowei: what say?
Li Lin Shan: I was born in 1963, killed tens of millions of 3-year famine had just ended, parents with belly inside me, dying to go home.
Laowei: baby born in 1963, a lot of thing.
Li Lin Shan: and the people, places and different places. It is said that when I see the light, and almost a kitten , wrinkled, and could not shed tears. her parents can not feed, do not want it. Thanks to Grandma hugged me, saying that this baby still air it warms to the boundary. My dad Ahhh two, that our two half-fed meal not eaten for three years, often hungry dizziness, but insists bring voice singing, so this baby inherently less ah.
Laowei: your parents love singing?
Li Lin Shan: They were the Huguan County Lazi Theatre professional actors, some well-known in the local.
Laowei: composer Wang Xilin labor camps for many years in Shanxi, and later ported to the symphony Shangdang clapper, like the Wolf sorrow and the Heartbreakers .
Li Lin Shan: Right, right, as Shaanxi, Shaanxi, not singing, but the roar. because not look through the barren ridge, not roar loud noise. We have four operas in Shanxi, which Shangdang clapper and Shangdang Lazi par, eight miles village, young and old, all will hum a few.
Laowei: Lazi Clapper, there are differences between you?
Li Lin Shan: a time not know, if say, you mainlanders also does not understand a word, Changzhi County Clapper sang the more multi-Lazi songs Huguan County can Well content is Songchao Zhong Jun patriotic Yangs series mostly because the Yang family lies in our ground.
old VENUS WILLIAMS: Right, right, the less a thousand kinds of local operas in China, another barrier, harder than they get to know foreign languages.
Li Lin Shan: my parents a few years in the county theater mix, paste could not export to Town, Nanshan back to shop a peasant village. thought reflects environment Everyday safe, but unexpectedly fell a few life evil mold. pain and suffering is to me of the day. had kidney stones a few years ago, that really hurt, can not sleep night after night, had to get up and sit , Ziyaliezui, others thought I was laughing hh
Laowei: no money to doctors and patients do?
Li Lin Shan: where the poor out of the people can not bear. I carry the dead for 4 years and finally one day down Next, they said died would have been dead, I dig more than 10,000 pieces, remove it from the waist big lump of walnut; if early surgery is estimated that five thousand is enough.
Laowei: Then what?
Li Lin Shan: And then is ill ah. cardia, which is the pipe joints and stomach cancer .2007 found in long, early, but now has spread out.
Laowei: What symptoms?
Li Lin Shan : the first is the sudden and uncomfortable, waves of nausea, to squat in deep breaths, and over half an hour, did not relax; in Shimonoseki city and country hospital endoscopy, inspection and review, diagnosed with cancer. The doctor said must immediately inpatient surgery, or delay will not last long. I asked the cost, suddenly silly! at least 20 to million! surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so the hospital for observation.
Laowei: I heard that you engage in self mending, clothes make a patch only received a dollar.
Li Lin Shan: Yeah, I sold myself, nor the value of a few coins. The doctor said, finish knife, they can guarantee me to live for 5 years. But we have no money and nowhere to borrow money. Even if the East Rasi compact, pick up life, and to 20 million debt, our family two generations, 10 years may not be able to pay off.
Laowei: Old Lee ah, you in this life off!
Li Lin Shan: useless, right? we are Chinese, but also to the growth of children in poor hh
Laowei: What your home is the old revolutionary base areas? mao wrote, The , than did the liberation still miserable.
Laowei: the Yellow River dried up.
Li Lin Shan: even miserable. because we did not shop Town Creek, not groundwater. village every family has Storing store water by digging. the rainy season, the two multi-Storing store full of deep, with the province can eat two or three months.
Laowei: no root water tastes Zeyang?
Li Lin Shan: the kind of mud soup sub ah, a few days living nematodes, ladle to scoop up, shake the eyes yet. guess you Sichuanese, your nose can not go on irrigation can Shanxi for us, especially a premium, more expensive Viagra: Now what?
Li Lin Shan: Features of the dry season. catch a donkey cart, pulled a large drum installed mouth to sing, climbing on the ridge, at least to fifty-six kilometers to find water outside.
Laowei : There is water up?
Li Lin Hill: No fixed water. Chuang inquire about eight miles, where there is water where we ran, as the soldiers heard the bugle. several people combined with a donkey cart, a few strong labor followed, the first child to run low because of dry hillside, the foot is not dry, water always out; later children run high, because the sheep baby's well-informed, which pits found in the Peak which also did not build some loss of water, we immediately excited, and then hard to have to go far.
Laowei: God.
Li Lin Shan: daily life ah. village Which one or two buckets of water surplus, that is news, Special jealous of everyone. I grew up until the 30-year-old left home before, there is no face washed several times, let alone a bath.
Laowei: always wash it when it rains?
Li Lin Shan: the rainy season just arrived, and everyone all stations wilderness, waiting for the shower pictures. It was also stripped naked, shower station yard. If met half way to slow down and enjoy. year of personal hygiene, are at this time done.
Laowei: woman supposed?
Li Lin Shan: not supposed. not seen a bath in the village woman, including marriage, children, will wipe Mama.
Laowei: What about you?
Li Lin Shan: Also wipe Mama. features. limbs. belly. But the wedding night, a woman was careful to wipe some of the men to slack more. coming to my first daughter was born, but also midwife roll up our sleeves, little by little, to get rid of blood clots in the body of his wife and children. it took less than a basin of water.
Laowei: No fall sick?
Li Lin Hill: diseases between men and women that point not a disease.
Laowei: What is considered a disease?
Li Lin Shan: cancer. mainly stomach and esophageal cancer. Once the qualitative examination, the right to carry back, lying in the house to die slowly. no money Yes, even the flour all fishing all year round within a few tons to eat, how can ill spare cash management Yes. my impression, only a minority of the old high moral teacher by surgery, because the state money. doctors to live 5 years guarantee . This unprecedented jubilation in the village, but the old teacher's home to spend another 600 yuan, up the stage for your troupe, even the roar 3 days Lazi, tens of miles in radius, are along for the ride.
Laowei: average life expectancy of the number of your village ?
Li Lin Shan: under 60 it. A few, like my grandfather, to stretch to more than 80, even he is confused, do not understand why such a long life. my father's body, the best of our family , a plunge into the corn field, like a large bull, Hangchihangchi jamming after dark. His temper has an urgent, once because my old father moving fist, was detained a few days. Well, he suddenly walked more than 50. poisoning.
Laowei: children can not figure out what matter?
Li Lin Shan: pesticides, 1605, and he wiped over when the local one, to go out to serve their crops. Shuiliao sun too fast, he squatted on a wild Khan, pesticides to penetrate skin. began to stomach pain, he endured; could not resist to tumble toward the home run, down on the bed, to issue several more cows is called to confused. breathe for a while before the seizure, the stars out the window just come out.
Laowei: time to call a doctor?
Li Lin Shan: too late.
Laowei: why did he wipe pesticide?
Li Lin Shan: kill lice. the village people to take pesticides to kill lice. naked, hand over the body, and then tightly wrapped underwear. smell of pesticides that can suffocate lice. Most people are accustomed to dichlorvos, the enemy's enemy sings, 666 powder, etc., properties are highly toxic to ease some of .1605, my dad is tick bite was anxious to map the enjoyment.
Laowei: he had used up?
Li Lin Shan: used ah. The family have used ah. can be dried out before we go out. He and other No, directed at the sun went.
Laowei: My grandfather is old landlord, I was a kid in the country experienced the severe lice. can be heard such a no water, throughout the year, every year coming to an end without washing, washing clothes, do not wash the bedding, that lice Yeah, like ants, able to prevent flooding. we move the bed under the bed, closet cabinets pesticide spilled outside, a layer in vain, frost-like. so also not a species. primary to secondary school, we were, apart from studying, the most important thing is to catch lice. boys caught public girls caught hiding in the toilet each other. often over the pages of text, read the words are numb.
Li Lin Shan: Another indigenous methods. winter itch hard, and put the trousers off, held on the live coals on end. Beware of injured hand, ah, must be those of the two legs , and then make a big coal fire toward the water. only to hear Chi Chi twice, the water vapor to fly from fleeing into the crotch straight. and then they crackling, lice off the fire after another, with the fried grasshopper-like. people with the grasshopper-like, twisted trousers straight Bengda, shouting does not itch does not itch! really comfortable really comfortable!
Laowei: your village, your dad as much as you poisoned?
Li Lin Shan : very little. We played a small wipe pesticide to kill lice, a natural habit.
Laowei: on the skin did not hurt?
Li Lin Shan: bursts of fire, leaving the lock of a lock of purple, and then large chunks molt. a little serious, a little puffy, a little top-heavy. a few hours to Huanguo Lai. can drink some pesticide suicide and do not necessarily have to come slowly.
Laowei: Many suicides?
Li Lin Shan: One year has those women commit suicide. drink some pesticide less, multi-hop well storing and pit latrines, more than two deep-na, planted in, do not climb on the sill.
Laowei: environment is too harsh! down evil woman mold married before coming.
Li Lin Shan: Local to find local, who does not hold anything. my family more than men, heavy taste, your home girl and more, taste more important, because the woman did not even open the opportunity to wash bath. I Old Yue Mujia the taste Yeah, station wall, the stranger can punch a somersault.
Laowei: What smell?
Li Lin Shan: beggars taste. not much stronger than the feces smell. our village each taste of home have their own characteristics. such as so and so, on my house, do not see my eyes, I could call out his name, because the smell in advance to turn into a wall. may this condition, the old mother also finds fault. In order to marry a wife, I play on the tens of miles outside the mines a few years working, no nose, no eyes, almost exhausted, only to earn tens of dollars per month.
Laowei: always eat it?
Lee Forest Hill: corn and millet, fill out a small .15 semi-full to a good person, a month to eat a pound of vegetable oil.'d open the supply of salt, not the thin salt, but also thicker than the seed corn rock salt, cooking is not easy of . Zhongyu Ao full sentences, home, and that coal is immersed in the meat stain, stigma generally will not come off.
Laowei: always take a bath, right?
Li Lin Shan: You can not. tube was also particularly strict. In addition to coal mining to be restricted to stay within the camp. Chase covered, wrap a blanket over the coal was still dark, I feel the greatest entertainment, everyone is crowded and simian clutch each other lice. because of shoulder and hair, enough of their own Eventually, let others tease tease, the kind of dumb effort, a piece of the muscle also reduced. Oh, save enough so two or three thousand, two thousand flowers from the new house, spent a bride price of 300. old mother kinda not happy. < br> Laowei: In the 1980s, this is a great money.
Li Lin Shan: I'm 21 years old that year. that part of the marriage lasted 10 years, I have to leave their homes in 1995 to Dali.
Laowei: before this?
Li Lin Shan: Nothing was provincial boundaries. his life journey, in 1988, saw the newspaper advertisement, and went to study tailoring Taiyuan. tens of miles away mountain, to Jin Zhuang train, in the compartment squeeze the night, Long capital.'ve never seen so many people and cars ah. along asking, and finally found the right place. business is booming tailor classes, a move at least five or six ten students. my body with 300 pieces tuition fees to pay dozens, buy new clothes to go out to spend more than 100, spend 27 to buy poor quality iron, but also cut the cloth self-study. the rest of the dozens of blocks, that is my .40-day meals, two daily their own baked bread, not enough to supply drinking water.
graduate returned to the village, I became a naive . can craft my crash course! practice a few years later, it was barely on the table In 1994, the uncle Chuxiong home to visit relatives, my divorce was bumped soon after the days hard to strive to mobilize me out, also I dig 300 tolls. So I spent a 4 days, climbing turn a few times, still packed in the hold in the day and night inside the urine, finally arrived in Yunnan.
Laowei: move trees die, people move to live, finally out of Oliver was.
Li Lin Shan: bath casual. shining white water dripping Yeah, first I kinda Routeng. who had a dream, the home and confused Dali, Erhai narrowing into a tub, which I vigorously bubble, was refused on the sill of the sick. can be so dark around me, folks in the head, from the cinder yard fly, Mamalielie: You ass Day, too corrupt! the lifeblood of our water a few generations, are you wasting out. and then they mouth bite. scared I cockroaches. Masamitsu dodge around the bottom, suddenly was not any water in a bathtub of Erhai Lake, and I stood in Nanshan Village, a Road Loess, those mouth Yeah, a bit of a black Indian children, I restored the blink of an eye in the home of ghosts.
Laowei: What happened then?
Li Lin Shan: Wake up. northerners to run thousands of miles to the south, at the beginning are not comfortable. Guadan rice, thinking about pasta. for the boss, too busy, not any way to get yourself.
Laowei: also do you tailor?
Li Lin Shan: Yes. to the ancient city of Foreigner Street. and later on refined This open their own shop.
Laowei: Legend of mending line.
Li Lin Shan: Now in the shop of the marble can be considered old. But the so-called maintain a food and clothing. I thought ah, marble and fake foreigners are more foreigners, all kinds of fancy dress is also very international, I'm old fashioned that in Shanxi, no ability to compete with others. but make a scar, lock one side, another zipper, Gross earned a few bits of money to a head office. In this way, a .32-year-old firm footing now, I'm here 15 years, live frugally and send home a lot of money.
Laowei: not old marble of the .
Li Lin Shan: it second only to Aborigines. But in the diet, is still consciously or unconsciously, to keep some of the Shanxi characteristics. such as the package the dumplings, the old thinking about children Riga carrot to meat, wait a few two-plus kilograms of meat radish, cut over and over again. in the home, year round bag for a return to dumplings, also saw the taste of meat but not meat.
Laowei: another day on me, we are a big restaurant, the whole big meat.
Li Lin Shan: Now eat Law could not eat. tranches cancer was feeling stuck in here. every meal of luck in his mouth first package saliva, suck a little bit and see dip was smooth ring true; if smooth to ride the momentum, suck a few mouthfuls porridge; finally get through, before they can eat dry things properly.
Laowei: If bad luck?
Li Lin Shan: The first saliva was the top back, only to starve.
Laowei: No wonder you so capable.
Li Lin Shan: skinny, of course, Legend darn close shop. I step on the fixed sewing machine, and got left this little bit of residual life, I have to relax.
Laowei: confused you?
Li Lin Hill: No confusion, God will be arranged.
Laowei: When did you know there is a God?
Li Lin Shan: an early age to know. trance I remember a newspaper or a text? have said that Christianity is the spirit of imperialism, slavery, the opium of the Chinese people, there is no killing the baby, as a sacrifice, it is terror.
Laowei: Do you believe?
Li Lin Shan: I'm on the school during the Cultural Revolution. his first lesson, the teacher called dirty boy opened dozens of textbooks , read the first page chorus: Long live Chairman Mao! the second page: Long live the Chinese Communist Party! third page: Long live the Commune! in the bud when we were brainwashed. I believe red. I believe positive. I believe atheism. our village did not Christians, burn incense and pray the old man some old lady, and I particularly despise, and constantly a Christian, and the ancient church, 100 years of history. There are Catholic, Muslim, Baha'i, and so on. But I instinctively rejected the so-called that is, Rakshasa, there are a number of great ancestors.
Li Lin Shan: all this, I thought that it was , products are also rich in religious and marijuana may it offensive.
Laowei: hey, still upright than the Communist Party cadres.
Li Lin Shan: by victims of atheism, no trust, no joy for a living and make ends meet, do not know where is the head. Crackdown trouble thing to plan how to escape, smoking, drinking, hold a stomach gas, Xiang Maren, did not dare. my daughter into meningitis, high fever, 6-year-old converted epilepsy, and later into a dumb, 9 years old died, my heart is bleeding, do not know how to do.
Laowei: dizzy ah.
Li Lin Shan: get cancer, I was puzzled, because the number of sit there straight fingers, no days enjoyable day, let alone the value of life.
Laowei: If your home has 20 million, if you rule the disease two years ago, Li Lin Shan hh
: 5 years to live , is not the same die. invisible blunt son, stab you, cut you, middle of the night uncomfortable, arousal, and sit up, but only may be able to. can only endure! not mind kept on suicide. you give yourself early, can not give you cancer.
Laowei: God did not abandon you.
Li Lin Shan: the good Lord, forgive me, a sinner now.
Laowei: Do you know the first by whom the Lord? < br> Li Lin Shan: There is a Young Brother, from the border of Yunnan Baoshan over, living in Dali. He often passed by my shop, Lianshu had to come in to chat. Lao Li, ah, recently? how good I can not say , have cancer friends. he was surprised to sit with me, for I worry, oh, this is a bottomless pit of money! I say no money, only to die Luo. but he said, so do not despair, believing it, Lao Li , the Lord will heal you. Then he repeated door. Old Lee ah, see you in this situation, only one way of believing. the hospital can not help you, relatives can not help you, the Government every day shouting because I live in this ghost Baba Yan, slightly snobbish, afraid of contamination of bad luck yet. may the Lord but by Yeung, again and again to her door. So I cried, Lord ah! believe you! < br> Laowei: miracles can happened?
Li Lin Shan: Young brothers on the spot as I had never blog prayer. on the street is still bustling, the sun still shines in this world, roofs many piles, a few birds children chattering in the trees branches. more distance, hills still ring with our Erhai hh
Laowei: you become a writer ah, Lao Li.
Li Lin Shan: I followed the Yang brothers, hold hands, arrived in the chest, continuous line to tears. is not grief, but gratitude. the first time my life, I do not want to own, not people, and to the Lord, He above us, above all things, higher than the hills of Erhai Lake. I am a parent of Health , my life is God given, but I did not know. cancer that I realized that I was Cairu earth heart, fly, feel the kingdom of heaven.
Laowei: I have been infected you .
Li Lin Shan: fits and starts, like an electric shock. wind blowing in his face is very comfortable. But when I only fathom their own, only when the elusive cancer cells, but was controlled by Satan, with no sense of style is very comfortable .
Laowei: The Yang brothers to church do?
Li Lin Hill: He is the family church of the preacher, who think that church is not necessarily followers of Jesus; turn, the Government Bureau of Religious Affairs does not endorse him This way .2008 Easter, I have the north gate in Dali century-old church baptized. Dali believers around and I almost, the church with prayer and family gatherings to cross.
Laowei: Jesus Christ this year Do you think the disease reduced?
Li Lin Shan: the disease may be aggravated. because the more difficult swallowing, weight loss faster. But the spirit of the very relaxed. at the beginning of prayer selfishness is there, the Lord each time medical treatment, such as This committed the sin of spiritual trouble. a few years in addition to suffering, or suffering, even if it is still hard to live for several decades. To truly repent, not so easy. So preacher commanded, to pray. for the family as a friend, for Those away from the Savior of the Lambs, a disaster occurred in the world every day, for around the injustice, greed and murder, confessed to deep incrimination rather than state, nation and individual prayers. ask for forgiveness, Lord, to the their opportunity to turn over. because Jesus bear the cross, was crucified, no one's suffering, more important than the cross. to Jesus on his deathbed said: Lord, ah, forgive them, because they do not know what they are doing. This is Prayer ah. a Christian, praying for others, if the heart and soul, the Lord will be the occasion in asleep, cure your disease.
Laowei: terminally ill patients commit suicide will be considered without exception, you do?
Li Lin Shan: considered, but it must be repentance of sin. because all life is God, you have no right to arbitrarily end. I have a cold, had surgery, have many years of water shortages. then that can not stand, but or under. I want to die naturally, never dry and painful surgery, and perhaps lighter than the fever, just like leaves falling earth, and the soul are falling in the arms of an angel.
Laowei: I heard you yesterday night did not sleep well?
Li Lin Shan: Cangshan down Rolling Thunder middle of the night awakened suddenly very helpless, tears unwittingly spinning. quickly silence sing br> Laowei: this alone, your family can understand you?
Li Lin Shan: I try not to disturb them. the room is too small, I went to the shop. is reading brother to pass, with a smile hello. I looked up, he looked to brake step: look so bad? Lee brothers, ah, last night during a thunderstorm, terror Oh well, I woke up it two or three times, I feel God and the devil is in the ear war. I The face is also very poor, right?
Laowei: He Meihuazhaohua.
Li Lin Shan: I understand. But we still rambling hour, until the street were increased, my mind gradually calm down.
Laowei: You Tingyou fate.
Li Lin Shan: Lord of the arrangements. through his introductions, I met you, but also the first time I interviewed. This is the main arrangement. < br> Laowei: We talked so long, it is consumption of vitality.
Li Lin Shan: towards the end of the former, so sort out their own in this life, but also not a good feeling.
Supplement, mottled spots split setting sun, shrouded live in small homes of the iceberg. Old Lee side conversation, side raise the pasta, white card face gradually flushing, sweating forehead is also slightly. riding a good atmosphere, I have repeatedly asked him a few shouted However, for chest mention gas, to a period of the need to rebel hh
Old Lee I'm sorry that this tone, had the second a roar roar roar even three, buzzing, even pressure over Shaanxi Opera, you can own the gas shortage, only an octave lower, the metal texture of the fake voice to turn into a sissy.
and I was heartily cheered, and think that lowering the tone of the Shangdang Lazi, actually mixed with some low table in the courtyard surrounded, surrounded by steaming dumplings Shanxi, bow prayer. Old Lee led the prayer aloud. I thought he would ask the Lord heal his usual pain, but unexpectedly he starts with is ah, you make more than teachers Liu Kun, and brothers came here to listen to my little experience, they are great men of culture, even to come and be my friend, this is your gift ah. ask you to bless their health, joy hh < br> This very long prayer before a meal, some cold dumplings, but I blush, and many times we should follow, After the dumplings to eat relatively smooth. carefully whispered Kun Yu, Lao Li fear swallow, go next door sprayed some medicine.
I always smile. I have seen hungry, die of hunger everywhere, eat like other indecent, can at the moment I was a gentleman general restraint. until the handshake, farewell, turned out quite a long way, I still smile masks. everyone knows, I do not want to laugh. cheeks hurt ordinary needle. I do not want to laugh!
Doutou A muffled thunder. and then a shower. and then went gust of wind. and then Next, the wet rose on children, seem to hang Jisi hills of moss. Lord, ah, this is what you create, the marble. is forever elusive Dali.